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Isotop erbium
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Berat atom standar Ar°(Er) |
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Erbium (68Er) yang terbentuk secara alami terdiri dari enam isotop stabil, dengan 166Er sebagai yang paling melimpah (33,503% kelimpahan alami). 39 radioisotop telah dikarakterisasi berkisar mulai dari 74 hingga 112 neutron, atau 142 hingga 180 nukleon, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 169Er dengan waktu paruh 9,4 hari, 172Er dengan waktu paruh 49,3 jam, 160Er dengan waktu paruh 28,58 jam, 165Er dengan waktu paruh 10,36 jam, dan 171Er dengan waktu paruh 7,516 jam. Semua isotop radioaktif yang tersisa memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 3,5 jam, dan sebagian besar memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari 4 menit. Unsur ini juga memiliki banyak keadaan meta, dengan yang paling stabil adalah 167mEr (t1/2 2,269 detik).
Isotop erbium memiliki berat atom berkisar mulai dari 141,9723 u (142Er) hingga 176,9541 u (177Er). Mode peluruhan utama sebelum isotop stabil yang paling melimpah, 166Er, adalah penangkapan elektron, dan mode utama sesudahnya adalah peluruhan beta. Produk peluruhan utama sebelum 166Er adalah isotop holmium, dan produk utama sesudahnya adalah isotop tulium. Semua isotop erbium bersifat radioaktif atau stabil secara pengamatan, artinya mereka diprediksi bersifat radioaktif tetapi tidak ada peluruhan aktual yang teramati.
Daftar isotop
Nuklida |
Z | N |
Massa isotop (Da) |
Waktu paruh |
Mode peluruhan |
Isotop anak |
Spin dan paritas |
Kelimpahan alami (fraksi mol) | |||||||||||
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Energi eksitasi | Proporsi normal | Rentang variasi | |||||||||||||||||
142Er | 68 | 74 | 141,97002(54)# | 10# μdtk | p | 141Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
143Er | 68 | 75 | 142.96655(43)# | 200# mdtk | β+ | 143Ho | 9/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+, p | 142Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
144Er | 68 | 76 | 143,96070(21)# | 400# mdtk [>200 ndtk] | β+ | 144Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
145Er | 68 | 77 | 144,95787(22)# | 900(200) mdtk | β+ | 145Ho | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+, p (langka) | 144Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
145mEr | 205(4)# keV | 1,0(3) dtk | β+ | 145Ho | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||
IT (langka) | 145Er | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (langka) | 144Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
146Er | 68 | 78 | 145,952418(7) | 1,7(6) dtk | β+ | 146Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (langka) | 145Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
147Er | 68 | 79 | 146,94996(4)# | 3,2(1,2) dtk | β+ | 147Ho | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (langka) | 146Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
147mEr | 100(50)# keV | 16(2) dtk | β+ | 147Ho | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β+, p (langka) | 146Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
148Er | 68 | 80 | 147,944735(11)# | 4,6(2) dtk | β+ (99,85%) | 148Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+, p (0,15%) | 147Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
148mEr | 2,9132(4) MeV | 13(3) μdtk | IT | 148Er | (10+) | ||||||||||||||
149Er | 68 | 81 | 148,94231(3) | 4(2) dtk | β+ (92,8%) | 149Ho | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+, p (7,2%) | 148Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
149m1Er | 741,8(2) keV | 8,9(2) dtk | β+ (96,5%) | 149Ho | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
IT (3,5%) | 149Er | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (0,18%) | 148Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
149m2Er | 2,6111(3) MeV | 0,61(8) μdtk | IT | 149Er | (19/2+) | ||||||||||||||
149m3Er | 3,302(7) MeV | 4,8(1) μdtk | IT | 149Er | (27/2−) | ||||||||||||||
150Er | 68 | 82 | 149,937916(18) | 18,5(7) dtk | β+ | 150Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
150mEr | 2,7965(5) MeV | 2,55(10) μdtk | IT | 150Er | 10+ | ||||||||||||||
151Er | 68 | 83 | 150,937449(18) | 23,5(20) dtk | β+ | 151Ho | (7/2−) | ||||||||||||
151m1Er | 2,5860(5) MeV | 580(20) mdtk | IT (95,3%) | 151Er | (27/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (4,7%) | 151Ho | ||||||||||||||||||
151m2Er | 10,2866(10) MeV | 0,42(5) μdtk | IT | 151Er | (65/2-, 61/2+) | ||||||||||||||
152Er | 68 | 84 | 151,935050(9) | 10,3(1) dtk | α (90%) | 148Dy | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (10%) | 152Ho | ||||||||||||||||||
153Er | 68 | 85 | 152,935086(10) | 37,1(2) dtk | α (53%) | 149Dy | 7/2(−) | ||||||||||||
β+ (47%) | 153Ho | ||||||||||||||||||
153m1Er | 2,7982(10) MeV | 373(9) ndtk | IT | 153Er | (27/2-) | ||||||||||||||
153m2Er | 5,2481(10) MeV | 248(32) ndtk | IT | 153Er | (41/2-) | ||||||||||||||
154Er | 68 | 86 | 153,932791(5) | 3,73(9) mnt | β+ (99,53%) | 154Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (0,47%) | 150Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
155Er | 68 | 87 | 154,933216(7) | 5,3(3) mnt | β+ (99,978%) | 155Ho | 7/2− | ||||||||||||
α (0,022%) | 151Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
156Er | 68 | 88 | 155,931066(26) | 19,5(10) mnt | β+ | 156Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (1,2×10−5%) | 152Dy | ||||||||||||||||||
157Er | 68 | 89 | 156,931923(28) | 18,65(10) mnt | β+ | 157Ho | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
157mEr | 155,4(3) keV | 76(6) mdtk | IT | 157Er | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||||
158Er | 68 | 90 | 157,929893(27) | 2,29(6) jam | EC | 158Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
159Er | 68 | 91 | 158,930691(4) | 36(1) mnt | β+ | 159Ho | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
159m1Er | 182,602(24) keV | 337(14) ndtk | IT | 159Er | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
159m2Er | 429,05(3) keV | 590(60) ndtk | IT | 159Er | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
160Er | 68 | 92 | 159,929077(26) | 28,58(9) jam | EC | 160Ho | 0+ | ||||||||||||
161Er | 68 | 93 | 160,930004(9) | 3,21(3) jam | β+ | 161Ho | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
161mEr | 396,44(4) keV | 7,5(7) μdtk | IT | 161Er | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
162Er | 68 | 94 | 161,9287873(8) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 0+ | 0,00139(5) | |||||||||||||
162mEr | 2,02601(13) MeV | 88(16) ndtk | IT | 162Er | (7-) | ||||||||||||||
163Er | 68 | 95 | 162,930040(5) | 75,0(4) mnt | β+ | 163Ho | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
163mEr | 445,5(6) keV | 580(100) ndtk | IT | 163Er | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
164Er | 68 | 96 | 163,9292077(8) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 0+ | 0,01601(3) | |||||||||||||
165Er | 68 | 97 | 164,9307335(10) | 10,36(4) jam | EC | 165Ho | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
165m1Er | 551,3(6) keV | 250(30) ndtk | IT | 165Er | 11/2- | ||||||||||||||
165m2Er | 1,8230(6) MeV | 370(40) ndtk | IT | 165Er | (19/2) | ||||||||||||||
166Er | 68 | 98 | 165,9303011(4) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 0+ | 0,33503(36) | |||||||||||||
167Er | 68 | 99 | 166,9320562(3) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 7/2+ | 0,22869(9) | |||||||||||||
167mEr | 207,801(5) keV | 2,269(6) dtk | IT | 167Er | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
168Er | 68 | 100 | 167,93237828(28) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 0+ | 0,26978(18) | |||||||||||||
168mEr | 1,0940383(16) MeV | 109,0(7) ndtk | IT | 168Er | 4- | ||||||||||||||
169Er | 68 | 101 | 168,9345984(3) | 9,392(18) hri | β− | 169Tm | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
169m1Er | 92,05(10) keV | 285(20) ndtk | IT | 169Er | (5/2-) | ||||||||||||||
169m2Er | 243,69(17) keV | 200(10) ndtk | IT | 169Er | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
170Er | 68 | 102 | 169,9354719(15) | Stabil Secara Pengamatan | 0+ | 0,14910(36) | |||||||||||||
171Er | 68 | 103 | 170,93803746(15) | 7,516(2) jam | β− | 171Tm | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
171mEr | 198,61(9) keV | 210(10) ndtk | IT | 171Er | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||
172Er | 68 | 104 | 171,939363(4) | 49,3(5) jam | β− | 172Tm | 0+ | ||||||||||||
172mEr | 1,5009(3) MeV | 579(62) ndtk | IT | 172Er | (6+) | ||||||||||||||
173Er | 68 | 105 | 172,94240(21)# | 1,434(17) mnt | β− | 173Tm | (7/2−) | ||||||||||||
174Er | 68 | 106 | 173,94423(32)# | 3,2(2) mnt | β− | 174Tm | 0+ | ||||||||||||
174mEr | 1,1115(7) MeV | 3,9(3) dtk | IT | 174Er | 8- | ||||||||||||||
175Er | 68 | 107 | 174,94777(43)# | 1,2(3) mnt | β− | 175Tm | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
176Er | 68 | 108 | 175,94994(43)# | 12# dtk (>300 ndtk) | β− | 176Tm | 0+ | ||||||||||||
177Er | 68 | 109 | 176,95399(54)# | 8# dtk (>300 ndtk) | β− | 177Tm | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||
178Er | 68 | 110 | 177,95678(64)# | 4# dtk (>300 ndtk) | β− | 178Tm | 0+ | ||||||||||||
179Er | 68 | 111 | 178,96127(54)# | 3# dtk (>550 ndtk) | β− | 179Tm | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n | 178Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
180Er | 68 | 112 | 179,96438(54)# | 2# dtk (>550 ndtk) | β− | 180Tm | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β−, n | 179Tm | ||||||||||||||||||
Header & footer tabel ini: |
Erbium-169
- Massa isotop dari:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051 .
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 Oktober 2005.
- Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
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