John Gerard (juga John Gerarde, sekitar 1545–1612) adalah seorang ahli botani Inggris dengan kebun herbal besar di London. Dia adalah penulis dari buku tanaman bergambar setebal 1.484 halaman yang berjudul Herball, atau Generall Historie of Plantes, yang pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1597. Karyanya menjadi buku botani yang termasyhur dalam bahasa Inggris pada abad ke-17. Pengecualian untuk penambahan beberapa tanaman dari kebunnya sendiri dan dari Amerika Utara, Gerard's Herbal sendiri sebagian besarnya merupakan terjemahan bahasa Inggris yang tidak diakui dari buku herbal Rembert Dodoens yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1554, dan sangat populer dalam terjemahan bahasa Belanda, Latin, Prancis dan bahasa Inggris lainnya. Gerard's Herball berisi gambar tanaman yang berlimpah dan berkualitas tinggi, dengan lukisan cukil kayu yang sebagian besar diambil dari sumber-sumber Benua Eropa, tetapi ada halaman judul asli dengan ukiran pelat tembaga oleh William Rogers . Dua dekade setelah kematiannya, buku itu dikoreksi dan diperluas menjadi sekitar 1700 halaman. Genus botani Gerardia dinamai untuk menghormati Gerard.
Kepustakaan
Buku dan artikel
- Arber, Agnes (1938) [1912 (reissue 1953)]. Herbals: their origin and evolution. A chapter in the history of botany, 1470–1670 (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108016711.
- Barlow, HM (15 March 1913). "English herbals". British Medical Journal. 1 (2724): 557–558. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2724.555. JSTOR 25300748.
- Barlow, Horace Mallinson (1913). Old English herbals 1525-1640. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson.
- Brown, Mark (19 May 2015). "Shakespeare: writer claims discovery of only portrait made during his lifetime". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2016.
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Boulger, George Simonds (1892). "Johnson, Thomas (d.1644)". Dalam Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 30. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Dodonaei, Remberti (1583) [1554]. Stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri XXX [Crvyd-boeck] (dalam bahasa Latin). Antwerp: Plantini.
- Harkness, Deborah E. (2007). The Jewel house of art and nature: Elizabethan London and the social foundations of the scientific revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300111965. (see also The Jewel House)
- Hoeniger, F.D.; Hoeniger, J.F.M. (1969). The Growth of Natural History in Stuart England: From Gerard to the Royal Society. Charlottesville: Folger Books. ISBN 978-0-918016-14-0.
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Jackson, Benjamin Daydon (1890). "Gerard, John (1545-1612)". Dalam Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Gunther, Robert Theodore (1922). Early British botanists and their gardens, based on unpublished writings of Goodyer, Tradescant, and others. Oxford University Press.
- Lankester, Edwin, ed. (1848). The Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of Selections from the Philosophical Letters Published by Dr. Derham, and Original Letters of John Ray in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Ray Society. (also here at Biodiversity Heritage Library)
- l'Obel, Matthias de (1571). Stirpium adversaria nova. London: Thomae Purfoetii.
- de l'Obel, Matthias (1655). Botanographic Regii eximii Stirpium illustrationes: plurimas elaborantes inauditas plantas, subreptitiis Joh: Parkinsoni rapsodiis (ex codice MS insalutato) sparsim gravatae. Ejusdem adjecta sunt ad calcem Theatri botanici Auaptnuala, Accurante Guil: How, Anglo (dalam bahasa Latin). London: Tho. Warren.
- Ogilvie, Brian W. (2006). The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226620862.
- Pavord, Anna (2005). The naming of names the search for order in the world of plants. New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781596919655.
- Raven, Charles E. (1950) [1942]. John Ray, naturalist: his life and works (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521310833.
- Raven, Charles E. (1947). English naturalists from Neckham to Ray: a study of the making if the modern world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108016346.
- Smolenaars, Marja (2008). "Gerard, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (edisi ke-online). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10555. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
- Vande Walle, W.F., ed. (2001). Dodonæus in Japan: translation and the scientific mind in the Tokugawa period. Leuven: Leuven University Press. ISBN 9789058671790.
- Tabor, Edward (1 January 1970). "Plant Poisons in Shakespeare". Economic Botany. 24 (1): 81–94. doi:10.1007/bf02860641. JSTOR 4253115.
- Thompson, Roger (July 1974). "Some newly discovered letters of John Ray". Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. 7 (1): 111–123. doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1974.7.1.111.
- Walters, S.M. (1981). The shaping of Cambridge botany: a short history of whole-plant botany in Cambridge from the time of Ray into the present century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521237956.
- Young, Sidney (1890). The annals of the barber-surgeons of London. London: Blades, East & Blades.
Ensiklopedia
- Encyclopædia Britannica. "John Gerard: English herbalist and author". Diakses tanggal 1 November 2016.
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"Gerard, John". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (edisi ke-11). 1911.
- Grout, James (2016). "John Gerard". Encyclopaedia Romana. University of Chicago. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2016.
- Penny Cyclopedia (1828–1843). The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London: Charles Knight.
Situs internet
- "Herball, Generall Historie of Plants by John Gerard, 1597: Introduction of North American plants into European herbals". Historical exhibits: What is an herb?. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia. 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-03. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2016.
- RCP (2009). "Robert Preest". RCP Munks Roll: Lives of the Fellows vol. 1 (1518–1700) p. 98. Royal College of Physicians of London. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2016.
- BHO (2004). "Preest, Robert". British History Online: Physicians and Irregular Medical Practitioners in London 1550–1640 Database. Institute of Historical Research. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2016.